A First Step in Learning Analytics: Pre-processing Low-Level Alice Logging Data of Middle School Students, Linda Werner, Charlie McDowell, and Jill Denner, Journal of Educational Data Mining. In Press., 2013.
For details, please see:
http://www.educationaldatamining.org/JEDM/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=40&Itemid=66